Turn on desktop notifications for breaking stories about interest? 5. Contact Us P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Although survival is increased, mastectomies can adversely affect a patient physically, psychologically, and psychosexually. Qual Life Res. Liu L, Branford O, Mehigan S. BREAST-Q measurement of the patient perspective in oncoplastic breast surgery: a systematic review. Peled AW, Duralde E, Foster RD, et al. 9. SAGE Open Med. So unnecessary just to sell a body wash. Total turn off for me. The main lack of sensation was around the NAC in all patients, correlating with the border of flaps very distal to the mastectomy site. N Engl J Med. 2017;17:427432. Fracol M, Feld LN, Chiu W-K, Kim JYS. Murthy V, Chamberlain RS. [cited September 5, 2021]: Available from: https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/345578/. Contact Us In nearly all studies that compared PROs between autologous and implant-based BRS, autologous BRS had better outcomes comparatively.2837 Table 2 shows the average BREAST-Q scores for the HRQoL subscales between autologous and implant-based BRS. Find out more about our partnership with Steven Universe. Several features of 2015;4:541553. It doesn't bother me. OConnell R, DiMicco R, Khabra K, et al. The results were then assigned to three grades dependent on the lack of sensitivity; grades I, II, and III were defined as a loss of sensitivity of <30%, 3060%, and >60%, respectively. Dove Medical Press is a member of the OAI. SF-36 measures HRQoL and was developed in 1990 based on the medical outcomes study.17,26 The test instrument includes 36 items divided into eight areas reflecting patient health: physical functioning, role limitation due to physical health, body pain, general health perception, vitality, social role functioning, and role limitation due to emotional health and mental health.17,19,27,28 Each scale is scored from 0 to 100, with 0 representing the worst health status and 100 the best health status. Other wounds healed without any signs of irritation. doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2013.02.007, 49. Although this result was disappointing, it is consistent with the current literature.57,58, Despite appealing esthetic results, animation deformity, muscle spasm, and postoperative pain remain potential consequences of subpectoral placement that can significantly affect the quality of life.59,60 Furthermore, the implant in the subpectoral plane may only be partially covered. 6. In contrast to these questionnaires, BREAST-Q is also specific to BRS and is the only tool to accurately assess patient satisfaction with care (Table 3).67,68 Chen et al reported BREAST-Q as one of the best tools for assessing HRQoL in breast cancer patients, stating that it was able to address surgery-specific issues, unlike other PROMs.69 In support, the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement endorsed BREAST-Q for breast cancer patients, highlighting its approval by healthcare governing bodies for assessing oncoplastic BRS outcomes.70. 29. Generally, BRS using either autologous or implant-based methods resulted in greater satisfaction and HRQoL. The other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest in this work. Pirro O, Mestak O, Vindigni V, et al. Table 2 Average BREAST-Q Score for Different Breast Reconstruction Surgeries Across Included Studies. Montazeri A, Harirchi I, Vahdani M, et al. Plast Reconstr Surg. metaphors in romeo and juliet; how many days till june 3 without weekends; cities: skylines flattest vanilla map. If you agree to our use of cookies and the contents of our Privacy Policy please click 'accept'. By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. In: E. Diener, S. Oishi, & L. Tay (Eds.). doi:10.3109/2000656X.2010.517681, 26. Sinha S, Ruskin O, DAngelo A, McCombe D, Morrison WA, Webb A. 41. Part 2 objective cosmetic and functional correlates of quality of life in women treated with breast-conserving surgical procedures and radiotherapy . Although high postoperative HRQoL after simultaneous BR following BRRM has been reported, data comparing pre- and postoperative results of HRQoL tests are lacking. We found no significant psychological differences between the pre- and postoperative situations. Bulk reprints for the pharmaceutical industry. doi:10.1159/000485830, 33. 2017;3(5):677685. Berning V, Laupheimer M, Nbling M, Heidegger T. Influence of quality of recovery on patient satisfaction with anaesthesia and surgery: a prospective observational cohort study. The studies also reported high satisfaction rates with medical care. 16. A final question on whether to include, exclude, or seek further information on the study gives the overall judgement of the reviewer on that study. 2013;22:158161. doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000002950, 65. Casella D, Di Taranto G, Marcasciano M, et al. Methods: We compared time to local recurrence and positive margin rates in a cohort of 300 patients with ILC undergoing either total skin-sparing mastectomy (TSSM), skin-sparing mastectomy, or simple mastectomy between the years 2000-2020. Top, Copyright 2023 Dove Press Ltd Macadam S, Lennox PA. Acellular dermal matrices: use in reconstructive and aesthetic breast surgery. Compared to reference values, a significantly higher score was recorded for the body pain domain (p=0.043) in our population. Ann Surg Oncol. Negenborn VL, Dikmans REG, Bouman M-B, Wilschut JA, Mullender MG, Salzberg CA. This website is not directed to consumers outside of the U.S. Chen CM, Cano SJ, Klassen AF, et al. 2014;1(1):2232. Perioperative Med. Patient satisfaction with postmastectomy breast reconstruction: a comparison of saline and silicone implants. To test the sensitivity, a matrix was applied on the surface of the breast. Nguyen J, Popovic M, Chow E, et al. doi:10.1056/NEJM199901143400201, 7. Skin-reducing mastectomy: new refinements. AIDS Care. Qual Life Res. Better cosmetic results and comparable quality of life after skin-sparing mastectomy and immediate autologous breast reconstruction compared to breast conservative treatment. 31. 2010;44:296301. Please fill in the below form to sign up for the Dove newsletter and be the first to know what's new from Dove. 2010;125(3):761771. 1. Plast Reconstr Surg. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2019;144(3):539546. 2017;139:287294. Immediate implant-based prepectoral breast reconstruction using a vertical incision. 2020;44:664672. 2016;12(4):145150. Furthermore, the rating of the medical team may contain a bias due to the subjective in rating. 2017;140(5):869877. When I was younger, I thought I'd never let a doctor do that to me. 2016;25:14091421. Barone M, Cogliandro A, Signoretti M, Persichetti P. Analysis of symmetry stability following implant-based breast reconstruction and contralateral management in 582 patients with long-term outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg. I will surely use your assistance when I need it! Pusic AL, Chen CM, Cano S, et al. 2011;18(11):31023109. Only three studies used a randomized controlled study design, while others used an observational design. Hays RD, Sherbourne CD, Mazel RM. Wellbeing, psychosocial wellbeing, sexual wellbeing, and physical wellbeing (chest and upper body) were reported by 39, 39, and 37 studies, respectively. doi:10.1097/GOX.0000000000000384, 64. Studies with pain rating scales. Bilateral risk-reduction mastectomy in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: a meta-analysis. Howes BH, Watson DI, Xu C, Fosh B, Canepa M, Dean NR. We work on water filtration systems, make grease traps, and do various inspections. Over our many years of experience in the plumbing business, we have been providing a variety of services for many people, always meeting their needs and exceeding their expectations. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. I just saw the Dove commercial with the Mastectomy patient. 2019;321:27. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.18942, 36. The empowering images feature women with double mastectomies who opted out of reconstruction and are bilaterally flat chested. This site is owned and operated by Informa PLC ( Informa) whose registered office is 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG. J Clin Oncol. Rindom MB, Gunnarsson GL, Lautrup MD, et al. The top notch tools and professional grade products, parts, and materials we use, combined with our substantial experience in the business, guarantees the quality work and results you deserve. 83. The methodological quality of each study will be assessed using the Cochrane Systematic Review RCT risk of bias assessment tool 2 (RoB 2) for RCTs,22,23 and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for observational studies.24 The RoB 2 tool addresses the following biases: random sequence generation, bias due to deviations from intended interventions, bias due to incomplete outcome data, bias in measurement of the outcome, and selective reporting. Balmana J, Diez O, Rubio IT, Cardoso F, ESMO Guidelines Working Group. The participants provided written informed consent for participation in this study, and for the publication of all data and accompanying images. Breast cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study. 59. 21. I said to him, I thought the woman felt free of having those things hanging on her chest for no reason anymore. Association of risk-reducing surgery in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers with cancer risk and mortality. Maxwell GP, Storm-Dickerson T, Whitworth P, Rubano C, Gabriel A. Sugrue R, MacGregor G, Sugrue M, Curran S, Murphy L. An evaluation of patient reported outcomes following breast reconstruction utilizing breast Q. Plast Reconstr Surg. Zhong T, Hu J, Bagher S, et al. Published online 24 November 2020. The use of artificial material and acellular dermal matrix was avoided. This episode shows why you shouldnt bully and teaches young people how they can stand up against bullying. J Clin Oncol. Weve joined Verve Records and the Estate of Nina Simone to create the first-ever music video for the legendary musician and activists hit Feeling Good. Data extracted from included articles were analyzed and combined in a narrative synthesis. Laterality and patient-reported outcomes following autologous breast reconstruction with free abdominal tissue: an 8-year examination of BREAST-Q data. Patient satisfaction index and quality of life measurement with Breast-Q after breast reconstruction in a plastic surgery center in Mexico. The BREAST-Q questionnaire is the only PROM which allows patients to reflect on their care, surgical outcomes, and satisfaction collectively.Conclusion: This review highlights the fact that BREAST-Q can effectively and reliably measure satisfaction and wellbeing of breast cancer patients after BRS. Published February 11, 2020 Advertiser Dove Skin Care Advertiser Profiles Of the 42 studies, only 15 reported the response rate for completion of the BREAST-Q questionnaire, which ranged from 38.4% to 98% (Figure 2). 11. To complete the pocket and fully protect the implant, an acellular dermal matrix is often used, thereby a naturally appearing breast without compromising the mastectomy flaps can be created.61 However, Thangarajah et al showed a comparison of sub- and pre-pectoral implant-based reconstruction of the breast following NSM and SSM where the physical well-being and the other domains of the HRQoL were similar in both groups.48 Furthermore, the sub-pectoral group had a significantly higher rate of major complications.62 Additionally, due to the extensive manipulation of the pectoralis muscle, stronger pain and longer recovery time were observed in this population.6365 In the pre-pectoral plane, an acellular dermal matrix can be used to build a pocket for the implant, or even be completely wrapped around the implant and anchor it to the chest wall.61,66 Hereby, a stable position of the fully covered implant is achieved, and additionally pressure is taken off of the skin flaps.67,68, In case of persistent breast discomfort, revision and reconstruction with an autologous tissue transfer are helpful alternatives. However, some changes in the HRQoL due to BRRM are typically related to self-image and body image and are not well represented in SF-36 scales. 1. Although we expected a lack of touch sensitivity during follow-up, impaired wound healing and pathological capsular contractions were unexpected. An exception to this was Rowland et al who found patients undergoing mastectomy with and without reconstruction showed declined physical wellbeing, but this was equal when compared with women undergoing lumpectomy.60 Another domain, sexual wellbeing, generally decreased following mastectomy compared with pre-operative BREAST-Q scores, and after BRS there was reportedly worsened to minimal improvements.41,42,61 Overall, sexual wellbeing fared the least compared to all other domains which can be explained by the psychological effects of breast cancer surgery which can include anxiety, depression, and a feeling of loss of femininity.62 Moreover, pain and discomfort in the months following surgery may impact the pursuit or desire for sexual activity. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms. Registered in England and Wales. What were the outcome parameters used for BREAST-Q? JAMA Surg. Testimonials Klement KA, Hijjawi JB, LoGiudice JA, Alghoul M, Omesiete-Adejare P. Microsurgical breast reconstruction in the obese: a better option than tissue expander/implant reconstruction? Find out why women can be their own worst critic. 85. 2015;33(15_suppl):e17753e17753. Black N. Patient reported outcome measures could help transform healthcare. 78. Hahn EA, Segawa E, Kaiser K, Cella D, Smith BD. Most studies were conducted in the United States (13), with other countries being Italy (7), United States and Canada (4), Canada only (3), Netherlands (4), Germany (3), Mexico (1), Portugal (1), India (1), Australia (1), Denmark (1), United Kingdom (1) and Czech Republic (1). 2020;46(6):10341040. Appearance hate is a $500+ billion public health crisis and young people pay the biggest price. Red columnrepresents our data collected during this study, blue column represents the data fromBullinger and Kirchberger.27. If someone asked you to describe yourself, what would you say? I actually called my BF to the TV to show him. 23. Reports suggest that bilateral risk-reducing mastectomy (BRRM) reduces the risk of breast cancer by up to 95% in women with the BRCA gene mutation and up to 90% in women with strong family predisposition. 34. All authors made a significant contribution to the work reported, whether that is in the conception, study design, execution, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation, or in all these areas; took part in drafting, revising, or critically reviewing the article; gave final approval of the version to be published; have agreed on the journal to which the article has been submitted; and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work. Conversely, the exclusion criteria were as follows: patients with current cancer and/or on cancer therapy, patients who needed translation assistance for verbal consent and age <18 years. washburn jazz electric guitar; starlie smith baby daddy Quality of life among patients after bilateral prophylactic mastectomy: a systematic review of patient-reported outcomes. doi:10.1016/j.clbc.2017.04.005. 2013;36(4):375380. Tan ML, Idris DB, Teo LW, et al. Reporting clinical outcomes of breast reconstruction: a systematic review. We also retain data in relation to our visitors and registered users for internal purposes and for sharing information with our business partners. 77. doi:10.1245/s10434-016-5688-z, 37. Associations & Partners Comparisons were based on timing (immediate versus delayed),2527 type (implant-based versus autologous),2837 type of flap used (deep inferior epigastric perforators [DIEP], transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous [TRAM], latissimus dorsi [LD] flaps),3840 type of Implant/tissue expanders used (acellular dermal matrices [ADM], silicone expanders, saline expanders),4144 placement of implant (pre-pectoral versus sub-pectoral),45,46 number of stages (single stage versus multiple stages),2527,45 weight (normal weight, overweight, obese),47 and age (less than 60 versus over 60, less than 65 versus over 65).39,48. Beral V, Million Women Study Collaborators. Thus, a sensitivity mapping of the breast was achieved. 2003;56:462470. Non-BRCA familial breast cancer: review of reported pathology and molecular findings. This study was supported by the German Research Foundation and Leipzig University within the Open Access Publishing program. Apart from the reduced physical well-being regarding the chest, HRQoL remained constant in the pre- and postoperative periods. 2010;304:967975. How would our beauty confidence be housed if all those feel-bad body ads gave us compliments instead? Aesthet Plast Surg. Posted on July 3, 2022 by July 3, 2022 by The average body mass index (BMI) was 27 (range: 1852) kg/m2, and 11 patients had a history of constant nicotine abuse. Breast. 14. McGuinness LA, Higgins JPT. The reviewed literature suggests BREAST-Q can indicate which BRS will yield greatest outcomes in satisfaction (Tables 1 and 2). UK VAT Group: GB 365 4626 36. Indian J Surg. Effect of patient age on outcomes in breast reconstruction: results from a multicenter prospective study. Potter S, Holcombe C, Ward JA, et al. Increasing use of elective mastectomy and contralateral prophylactic surgery among breast conservation candidates: a 14-year report from a comprehensive cancer center. Thangarajah F, Treeter T, Krug B, et al. While several studies have used the BREAST-Q to assess the outcomes of patients undergoing breast surgeries for breast cancer, only one comprehensive systematic review exists on PROMs assessed by BREAST-Q which is now outdated and had heterogeneous results.19 Hence, our review aims to update and synthesize new evidence on BREAST-Qs ability to reflect PROs in women who have undergone BRS following mastectomy. 2016;223(6):745754. Javascript is currently disabled in your browser. Comparison of subpectoral versus prepectoral immediate implant reconstruction after skin- and nipple-sparing mastectomy in breast cancer patients: a retrospective hospital-based cohort study. 2021;5(1):zraa063. 2013;132:201e209e. N Engl J Med. Dragun AE, Pan J, Riley EC, et al. 8. Studies were published between 2009 and 2021. doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2016.06.004, 31. Surgery. doi:10.1093/jnci/djq438, 51. Meijers-Heijboer H, van Geel B, van Putten WL, et al. The authors have no financial relationships relevant to this article to disclose. 2nd Impeachment Trial: What this could mean for Trump, Presidential transition of power: Examined, How Donald Trump spent his last days as president, How Joe Biden's inauguration will be different from previous years, Trump challenges the vote and takes legal action, 2020s DNC and RNC are different than any before, Power Trip: Those Who Seek Power and Those Who Chase Them, Leave No Trace: A Hidden History of the Boy Scouts, Keeper of the Ashes: The Oklahoma Girl Scout Murders, The Orphans of COVID: America's Hidden Toll, X / o n e r a t e d - The Murder of Malcolm X and 55 Years to Justice, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. Dove: 'We deeply regret' ad, after widespread backlash Over the weekend, Dove posted an image on Facebook that appears to show a black woman transforming into a white woman. Breast J. It's a woman with a double mastectomy. We look forward to working for you soon. 48. For further information, please refer to our Privacy NoticeOpens in new window. Privacy Policy JCO. Good for Dove. Competition for Dove includes Old Spice, Degree Deodorants, Dove Men+Care, Axe, Secret and the other brands in the Health & Beauty: Deodorants & Antiperspirants industry. Our mission is to ensure the next generation grow up enjoying a positive relationship with the way they look - helping girls to raise their self-esteem and realise their full potential. The NAC was preserved and superiorly pedicled. The medical records of each patient were reviewed and baseline data including demographic information, results of standard laboratory tests, medical history, list of current medications, allergies, and operative techniques were retrieved from the patients charts. 2012;118(6):17011709. 2018;8:95101. BMJ. A computerized adaptive version of the SF-36 is feasible for clinic and internet administration in adults with HIV. Heidari M, Shahbazi S, Ghodusi M. Evaluation of body esteem and mental health in patients with breast cancer after mastectomy. Dieterich M, Angres J, Stubert J, Stachs A, Reimer T, Gerber B. Patient-reported outcomes in implant-based breast reconstruction alone or in combination with a titanium-coated polypropylene mesh a detailed analysis of the BREAST-Q and overview of the literature. For women with a future risk of breast cancer and considering BRRM, the focus of the consultation lies not only on providing clinical information on survival and recurrence rates, but also on HRQoL and body image, as well as psychosocial aspects.46,50 Therefore, preoperative information regarding the expected HRQoL influences the decision-making process of women considering prophylactic bilateral mastectomy.51. 2014;72:S48S52. 02-19-2020 05:44 PM I just saw a Dove commercial for a moisturizing body wash and they showed an older woman remove her robe in front of a mirror with her breasts removed. Web Design by Adhesion. 92. Rowland JH, Desmond KA, Meyerowitz BE, Belin TR, Wyatt GE, Ganz PA. Role of breast reconstructive surgery in physical and emotional outcomes among breast cancer survivors. In all domains, autologous BRS had higher post-operative scores compared to implant-based. Gland Surg. 2021;11:4. 2020;12(24):6070. 13. Form or function? For other domains, no significant difference was identified: physical functioning (p=0.508), physical role functioning (p=0.678), general health perception (p=0.160), vitality (p=0.361), social role function (p=0.731), emotional role functioning (p=0.952), and mental health (p=0.175). Baseline data and data on previous operations and operation techniques were retrieved from the patients charts. 2017;37(9):9991008. 2018;39:813. Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer globally. How does BREAST-Q compare to other available PROMs? Clin Ter. Juli 2022 2016;22:1017. 2000;9(2):177184. I've seen this several times. Bottoming-out of the implant was seen in one patient as a late complication. We offer real benefits to our authors, including fast-track processing of papers. Comparison of patient-reported outcomes after implant versus autologous tissue breast reconstruction using the BREAST-Q. Ann Rheum Dis. Inspection of the breasts showed hypertrophic scars in three patients. Breast reconstruction after mastectomy: a ten-year analysis of trends and immediate postoperative outcomes. The opinions expressed in all articles published here are those of the specific author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of Dove Medical Press Ltd or any of its employees. 94. 38. I DO NOT WANT TO SEE THAT !!! You can learn about what data of yours we retain, how it is processed, who it is shared with and your right to have your data deleted by reading our Privacy Policy. Validation of the electronic version of the BREAST-Q in the army of women study. 51. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. I'm sure it wasn't an easy thing for her to do. Thereafter, an inferior pedicled flap was raised before the mastectomy was performed. noted that while some sensation was found to return to skin flaps that were not innervated, flaps . Schmauss D, Machens H-G, Harder Y. 61. Res Syn Meth. Why dont the Electoral College and popular vote always match up? doi:10.1016/s0007-1226(03)00198-x, 53. The absence or presence of touch sensitivity to the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament (2.83 mm thick) at the crossing points (1 cm apart) was recorded. doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e31823aec6b, 25. doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2014.06.007. 2017;33:4449. Dove Medical Press is part of Taylor & Francis Group, the Academic Publishing Division of Informa PLC 74. 17. 2016;20:50585066. Breast J. Contemporary hormonal contraception and the risk of breast cancer. In 2020 alone 2.3 million women were diagnosed with breast cancer worldwide, and 7.8 million women are currently living with it. Factors influencing day surgery patients quality of postoperative recovery and satisfaction with recovery: a narrative review. doi:10.1245/s10434-015-4532-1, 35. 36. 2015;22:28762880. It's not supposed to be a turn on.just a natural occurrence. Sign up and be the first to know about exciting offers, product updates and more from Dove and other Unilever brandsOpens in new window. As earlier presented by Sullivan et al, our study found no association between BMI and complications after BRRM.72 As repeatedly described in the literature, we found that the prevalence of early complications such as impaired wound healing was higher in the smoking sub-population than in non-smoking women.4,73 Although the difference was not statistically significant, it did influence HRQoL outcome. 71. Negenborn VL, Young-Afat DA, Dikmans REG, et al. Matthews H, Carroll N, Renshaw D, et al. 56. Patient-reported outcomes in cancer: a review of recent research and policy initiatives. 2017;26:18601865. The search terms included: (mastectomy OR breast removal surgery) AND (breast reconstructive surgery OR BRS) AND (BREAST-Q OR BREAST-Q questionnaire). Women are BEAUTIFUL with or without breasts! Breast Cancer. Development of a core outcome set for research and audit studies in reconstructive breast surgery. Patient-reported outcomes 1 year after immediate breast reconstruction: results of the mastectomy reconstruction outcomes consortium study. In contrast, satisfaction amongst patients who underwent mastectomy without BRS was poorer, with women being unhappy with their breasts and surgical scar despite the cancer being successfully treated.53,54 Duggal et al found that over three-quarters of their participants opting for BRS had body image as their motivating factor.55 These BREAST-Q scores and supporting findings suggest BRS should be indicated for patients who house concerns about body image, or hope to improve body image following mastectomy. By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. The absence or presence of touch sensitivity to the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament at the crossing points was recorded. Sexual well-being had the lowest BREAST-Q score both pre-and post-operatively (37.8 80.0 and 39.0 78.0, respectively). Quality-of-life outcomes between mastectomy alone and breast reconstruction: comparison of patient-reported BREAST-Q and other health-related quality-of-life measures. We offer real benefits to our authors, including fast-track processing of papers. All other domains showed no significant difference. Emily Jenson, Jodi Jaecks and Melanie Testa, three breast cancer survivors who underwent double mastectomies, modeled for the campaign, which also features androgynous model Rain Dove. Autologous BRS reports higher satisfaction and overall wellbeing compared to implant-based BRS. Although bilateral mastectomy may have an immense effect on the psychological, physical, and social aspects, immediate BR preserves the outer appearance and improves self-esteem.Keywords: risk-reducing mastectomy, implant-based reconstruction, BRCA1, BRCA2, skin-sparing mastectomy, nipple-sparring mastectomy, Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death among North American and Western European women.1 A family predisposition exists in more than 25% of cases.2,3 Women carrying a pathogenic mutation in the breast cancer gene 1 or 2 (BRCA), as well as those with other genetic susceptibilities or underlying hereditary diseases, are at increased risk of developing breast cancer.4,5, Reports suggest that bilateral risk-reducing mastectomy (BRRM) reduces the risk of breast cancer by up to 95% in women with the BRCA gene mutation and up to 90% in women with strong family predisposition.69 Skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) or nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is oncologically safe and associated with improved esthetic outcomes.10 Studies based on recurrence and survival rates after NSM and SSM have reported equal oncological safety.1113 In contrast, bilateral mastectomies are irreversible, highly intrusive, and may be associated with severe complications.14, Anxiety about developing breast cancer has supported a greater demand for mutation testing and BRRM.5 Positive media coverage of celebrities undergoing risk-reducing mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction (BR) has further promoted this therapeutic option.
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