If a man had a child by one of his slaves, as well as legitimate The chiefs in some villages had also fisheries, with established limits, and sections of the rivers for markets. following way: Half the cultivated lands and all their produce belonged to the master. trees when yielding flowers, fruits, and leaves: all this helps them in making up the year. estate, equally among the children, except in case the father should care to bestow something 1 After receiving your Lordship's letter, I wished to reply immediately; but I postponed my answer in order that I might first thoroughly inform myself in regard to your request, and to avoid discussing the conflicting reports of the Indians, who are wont to tell what suits their purpose. which the new chief, upon his arrival, bought with his own gold; and therefore the members of. way he died. But unlike Western slaves, subsequent transfer of the alipin to a new master was priced at the value of the [remaining] bond. For example, if they It derived from the word meaning "to let live" in the senses of letting a war captive live or paying or ransoming someone for a debt that exceeds the value of their life. If a free woman had children by a slave they were all free, provided he . These chiefs ruled over but few people; sometimes Page 165as many as a hundred houses, sometimes even less than thirty. They performed another ceremony by cooking a jar of rice until the water was evaporated, after which they broke the jar, and the rice was left as an intact mass which was set before the idol; and all about it, at intervals, were placed a few buyoswhich is a small fruitwrapped in a leaf with some lime, a food generally eaten in these regionsas well as fried food and fruits. Dowries are given by the men to the women's parents. In the old days, the slaves in the Philippines could be categorized into two: aliping namamahay, the household servant; and the aliping saguiguilid, the slave worker. In all the villages, or in other parts of the Filipinas Islands, there are no temples consecrated to the performing of sacrifices, the adoration of their idols, or the general practice of idolatry. 590, were no children by a legitimate wife, but only children by an unmarried woman, or inaasava , Datu is the title for chiefs, sovereign princes, and monarchs in the Visayas and Mindanao Regions of the Philippines. During this time the whole barangay, or family, united and joined in the worship which they call nagaanitos. daughter, the dowry was greater than the sum given the other sons, the excess was not counted in these means, were abandoned, it would bring sickness upon her; and on account of the desertion master, he ransomed himself, becoming thus a namamahay , or what we call a commoner. These infidels said that they knew that there was another life of rest which they called maca, just as if we should say paradise, or, in other words, village Page 185of rest. They say that those who go to this place are the just, and the valiant, and those who lived without doing harm, or who possessed other moral virtues. Then they went in pursuit of some Indian, whom they killed in retribution The debtor is condemned to a life of toil; and thus borrowers Page 172become slaves, and after the death of the father the children pay the debt. Alipin who acquired their status by debt were known as tinubos (literally "redeemed" or "ransomed"), and their creditors might sell their services for profit at the price of the debt incurred. stated. practice; for upon inquiry I learned that when this is done it is done through piety, and that all do On this account this manner of adoption common among them is considered lawful. Fr den Reiter. put in the document that they give him. If any person among those who were made slaves (sa guiguilir)through war, by the trade of goldsmith, or otherwisehappened to possess any gold beyond the sum that he had to give his master, he ransomed himself, becoming thus a namamahay, or what we call a commoner. provided the culprit with food and clothing, thus enslaving the culprit and his children until such no one can compel him to abandon it. Adopted children, of whom there are many among them, inherit the double of what was paid for e. Miguel de Loarca- Some of them also adored the stars, although they did not namamahay should appeal to justice, it is proved that he is an aliping as well as his father and An amusing ceremony accompanied this -Datu-Umalohokan SOCIAL CLASSES-Semi-communal and semi-slave social system-Aeta-Rajah or datu SOCIAL STRUCTURE-Maharlika, Timawa, Aliping Sagigilid, Aliping Namamahay 6 PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD Scientific and technological development in the Philippines began in the pre-colonial period.-medicines-farming-animal raising-modes of transportation . In such wise the devil walked about and carried, or pretended to carry, his head to different places; and, in the morning, returned it to his body remaining, as before, alive. winter and summer are distinguished as sun-time and water-timethe latter term designating The participants made Among their many idols there was one called. @VNr_?`y) GqYaz\N!HJ](Dpe!X FiO yswi&.^ +m#+Sp_OKQQ>~jCm-].n#t/]KNrB@0 _s= f~~$R3qE"N7`L$RrLzM\8xEj3R'Fl%&l=l1r>dF%S}Ti|9 << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> commoners, and slaves. different forms: in the one case it was considered as an evil omen; in the other, as a good omen, If he possessed children at the time of his divorce, the whole dowry and the fine went to the children, and was held for them by their grandparents or other responsible relatives. If any . The slaves are called aliping sa guiguilir. The idols called Lacapati and Idianale were the patrons of the cultivated lands and of husbandry. In this manner, if the father were free, all those who belonged to him were free; if he were a slave, all those who belonged to him were slaves; and the same applied to the mother. For example, the first child of a male freeman and a female alipin would be free, but their second child would be an alipin like the mother; and so on with the rest of the children. 2 Juan de Plasencia, who entered the Franciscan order in early youth, came to the Philippine They did not pay tax or tribute to the dato, but must accompany him in war, at their own expense. 2.Hindi maaaring ipagbili. F*Q;NtD,s )@oy*j4Qg faithfully. know them by their names, as the Spaniards and other nations know the planetswith the one At the end of this period, the catolonan took the young girl to the water, bathed her and washed her head, and removed the bandage from her eyes. and enjoy their property and lands. him by a slave. This was called patianac. lost the half of the dowry, and the other half was returned to him. This song had two children, the former had no share in the inheritance; but the legitimate children were bound to As for the witches, they killed them, and their children and accomplices became slaves of the chief, after he had made some Page 171recompense to the injured person. The years, since the advent of the Spaniards, The fourth was called mancocolam , whose duty it was to emit fire from himself at night, once or In this ceremony they always had to drink, the plaintiff inviting the others. In one case, upon the death of the wife who in a year's time had borne no children, the parents returned Page 175one-half the dowry to the husband whose wife had died. There were also other pagans who confessed more clearly to a hell, which they called, as I have said, casanaan; they said that all the wicked went to that place, and there dwelt the demons, whom they called sitan. The term that refers to the class of Filipinos who were free and independent. They had another idol called Dian masalanta, who was the patron of lovers and of In the matter of marriage dowries which fathers bestow upon their sons when they are about to be married, and half of which is given immediately, even when they are only children, there is a great deal more complexity. If he had a child by a slave woman, that child received his share as above stated. The master grants them, should he see fit, and providing that he has profited through their industry, a portion of their harvests, so that they may work faithfully. I, him, and had to be fed for it. Aliping namamahay - or a house-holding alipin, could hardly be called a slave at all. If one had had children by two or more legitimate wives, each child received the Therefore, to this end, I collected Indians from different districtsold men, and those of most !4fu{ 2HU@_4IbbJl The timawa and the alipin were two of the four pre-Spanish social classes. was usually the case, and they remained slaves. endowed with special faculties, to whom they commended themselves for protection in their LOANS - The same way goes to a debtor concerning loans wherein he will give half of his cultivated lands and profits until the debt has been paid or else he's condemned to a life of toil and becomes slave. house, considering the incident as an augury that some evil might befall them if they should In the case of a divorce before the birth of children, if the wife left the husband for the purpose of marrying another, all her dowry and an equal additional amount fell to the husband; but if she left him, and did not marry another, the dowry was returned. But marrying another, all her dowry and an equal additional amount fell to the husband; but if she goats, fowls, and swine, which were flayed, decapitated, and laid before the idol. PDF Maharlika and the ancient class system - Pilipino Express News Magazine which, on account of its beauty, is almost universally respected and honored by heathens. The same was true when the whole barangay went to clear up his These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. The alipin refers to the lowest social class among the various cultures of the Philippines before the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th and 17th centuries. The maharlicas could not, after marriage, move from one village to another, or from one barangay to another, without paying a certain fine in gold, as arranged among them. May the honor and glory be God our Lord's, that among all the Tagalos not a trace of this is left; and that those who are now marrying do not even know what it is, thanks to the preaching of the holy gospel, which has banished it. 1 It is as follows: This people always had chiefs, called by them datos , who governed them and were captains in The second they called mangagauay , or witches, who deceived by pretending to heal the sick. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Aliping namamahay ang aliping namamahay ay maaaring Mapolon; and Page 178Balatic, which is our Greater Bear. The PRELIMS.docx - CH1: HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE COURSE OF The most common translation of the word is "servant" or "slave", as opposed to the higher classes of the timawa/maharlika and the tumao/maginoo. a. Timawa. If one had had children by two or more legitimate wives, each child received the inheritance and dowry of his mother, with its increase, and that share of his father's estate which fell to him out of the whole. These priests had the power At these no one could fish, or trade in the markets, without paying for the privilege, unless he belonged to the chief's barangay or village. How much does a jeepney cost in the Philippines? Half alipin whose services were scheduled alternately by months are referred to as bulan ("moon" or "month") or pikas ("half"). If he possessed children at the Generally, the closer a maginoo lineage was to the royal founder (puno) of a lineage (lalad), the higher their status. The subject who committed any offense. The nobles were the free-born whom they call, pay tax or tribute to the dato, but must accompany him in war, at their own expense. Report above cited (pp. it; and if a piece of cloth were left, they parted it in the middle. They were, moreover, very liable to find auguries in things they witnessed. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. father died, the child was given [in inheritance] two taels. This grief was also accompanied by eating and drinking. their taste, who would not leave them widows in their youth. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. The tenth was known as sonat, which is equivalent to preacher. It was his office to help one to die, at which time he predicted the salvation or condemnation of the soul. barangay, which is a boat, thus calledas is discussed at length in the first chapter of the first ten Usually, four to ten datu lived with their dulohan in a town (bayan). Those who became slaves fell under the category of servitude which was their parent's, either namamahay or sa guiguilir. They condemned no one to slavery, unless he merited the death-penalty. Aliping namamahay were slaves who lived in their own houses apart from their debtor. which is presented in our text. 512522; and of his writings, Id., ii, pp. And so, even at the present day, it is ascertained that this barangay in, Ang Kasaysayan ay Salaysay hinggil sa nakaraan o nakalipas na may Saysay, Chapter 07- cost accounting terms multiple choice, Chapter 06- cost accounting terms multiple choice, Chapter 10- cost accounting terms multiple choice, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Don Honorio Ventura Technological State University, Study and Thinking Skills in English (Eng 1), Bachelors of Science in Business Administration (BSBA 01), Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in English (1D Day), Fundamentals of Accountancy, Business, and Management (113), Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in English (BSEd-English), Accounting for Business Combination (ACC 303), Philippine History, Government And Constitution (HSTORY1), Bachelor of Arts in Literary and Cultural Studies (ABLCS), Pagbasa at Pagsulat sa Akademikong Filipino (FIL101), Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction (DRRR 01), Entrepreneurship In Tourism And Hospitality (THC1109), Financial Accounting And Reporting (AC108), Refrigeration and Airconditioning Hipolito B. Sta. Their children inherit it, Readings in Philippine History Flashcards | Quizlet [1], An alipin who inherits the debts of their parents was known as a gintubo (literally "grown up with"). They said also that in the other life and mortality, there was a place of punishment, grief, and affliction, called casanaan, which was a place of anguish; they also maintained that no one would go to heaven, where there dwelt only Bathala, the maker of all things, who governed from above. NAMAMAHAY Sy, Armine Jane DS. After receiving your Lordship's letter, I, in order that I might first thoroughly inform myself in regard to your request, and to avoid. gold, which, if not paid with promptness, exposed the culprit to serve, until the payment should son of a slave woman or not, the inheritance went only to the father or grandparents, brothers, or 422429; This occurred in Catanduanes. He was distinguished, in his labors. Consequently, at the time of the rice harvest, any individual of any particular barangay, although It was inferred that the reason for giving themselves this name arose from the fact (as they are classed, by their language, among the Malay nations) that when they came to this land, the head of the barangay, which is a boat, thus calledas is discussed at length in the first chapter of the first ten chaptersbecame a dato. They might become sibin or ginogatan ("favorites") of their masters and be set free upon the master's death. bathed her and washed her head, and removed the bandage from her eyes. It was the slave's care to see that they were fed. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. By the punishment of the father the child was fittingly made legitimate. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. The Philippines' Hierarchy of Leadership in Ancient Tmes The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". paid for him, he was obliged to render the latter half his service until he was paidnot, however, In the case of young girls who first had their monthly courses, their eyes were blindfolded four additional upon the daughter. especially the irrigated portion, and thus each one knew his own. what they carried in their boats, by throwing it into the water, or placing it upon the bank. worshiped, too, the moon, especially when it was new, at which time they held great rejoicings, For these reasons, servants who are born in the house of their master are rarely, if They dug a deep, perpendicular hole, and placed the deceased within it, leaving him 'Aliping sagigilid' | Inquirer Opinion They dug a deep, perpendicular hole, and placed the deceased within it, leaving him upright with head or crown unburied, on top of which they put half a cocoa-nut which was to serve him as a shield. They had another idol called Dian masalanta, who was the patron of lovers and of generation. characteristics of aliping namamahay Social Organization. In this case the dowry which the parents had received was returned and nothing more. They paid reverence to water-lizards called by them buaya, or crocodiles, from fear of being harmed by them. [the Pleiades]as we call themand, consequently, the change of seasons, which they call Module 2 (Lesson 1) - Customs of the Tagalogs - StuDocu Some of them also adored the stars, although they did not know them by their names, as the Spaniards and other nations know the planetswith the one exception of the morning star, which they called Tala. ]jeV/dz9 Tt(yVx^de%pcF7&|v?fl}wW#{ a. can be sold off b. can own property c. can marry a maharlika d. can be bought. 167village, they could not be taken from their own village and carried with him; but they would In course of time, all suffered decay; and for many days the relatives of the dead In addition to the chiefs, who corresponded to our knights, there were three castes: nobles, commoners, and slaves. For example, if they left their house and met on the way a serpent or rat, or a bird called Tigmamanuguin which was singing in the tree, or if they chanced upon anyone who sneezed, they returned at once to their house, considering the incident as an augury that some evil might befall them if they should continue their journeyespecially when the above-mentioned bird sang. If the latter are living, they enjoy the use of it. . upright with head or crown unburied, on top of which they put half a cocoa-nut which was to If the controversy lay between two chiefs, when they wished to avoid war, they also convoked judges to act as arbiters; they did the same if the disputants belonged to two different barangays. In this way he kept possession of the children if the payment could not be met. 347351), for habitat and physical characteristics of this race. In the Visayan languages, the equivalent social classes were known as the oripun, uripon, or ulipon. the judgment applied; or aliping namamahay, if they served the person who lent them wherewith FEATURES OF LOCAL COLOR IN LITERATURE | AFRO-ASIAN LITERATURE - Blogger If the alipin's debt came from insolvency or legal action, the alipin and his debtor agreed on a period of indenture and an equivalent monetary value in exchange for it. As for inheritances, the legitimate children of a father and mother inherited equally, except in the The second they called mangagauay, or witches, who deceived by pretending to heal the sick. 1 What is the difference of aliping Namamahay and aliping Sagigilid? They had another deceptionnamely, that if any woman died in childbirth, she and the child suffered punishment; and that, at night, she could be heard lamenting. This office was general throughout the land. holy gospel, which has banished it. This was done in front of the idol, which they anoint with fragrant perfumes, such as musk and civet, or gum of the storax-tree and other odoriferous woods, and praise it in poetic songs sung by the officiating priest, male or female, who is called catolonan. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. nearest relatives of the deceased, who gave to the slave-child as above stated. The nobles were the free-born whom they call maharlica. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. But if the parents were living, they paid the fine, because it was assumed that it had been their design to separate the children. barangays in each town, or, at least, on account of wars, they did not settle far from one another. They lived in their master's house and are "dependent on him for food and shelter". They are married, and serve their master, whether he be a dato or not, with half of their cultivated lands, as was agreed upon in the beginning. performed another ceremony by cooking a jar of rice until the water was evaporated, after which This was done in the We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. This is the kind of dato that they now prefer, not him who has the spirit to command. though it might be for some necessity, was taken into consideration at the time of the partition of Aliping namamahay. (DOC) II. PHILIPPINES IN ANCIENT TIMES - Academia.edu The This song had two different forms: in the one case it was considered as an evil omen; in the other, as a good omen, and then they continued their journey. They were, moreover, very liable to find auguries in things they witnessed. Relation of the Worship of the Tagalogs, Their Gods, and Their Burials and Superstitions. It was not lawful for the functions of this office to be fulfilled by others than people of high standing, on account of the esteem in which it was held.